<p>The Jonathan H. Evans House is located in Platteville, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jonathan H. Evans was a prominent local politician, businessman, schoolteacher and bank vice president. He was also a leading figure in creating what is now the University of Wisconsin System. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The McPhaul Suspension Bridge, sometimes known as Yuma, Arizona&#39;s Bridge to Nowhere, is a suspension bridge that used to carry a section of Arizona Route 95 . The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The bridge, which was named for local Yuma resident Henry Harrison McPhaul, was built over the Gila River in 1929 and replaced in 1968 when it was deemed insufficient for modern transportation needs. At only 16 feet wide, the bridge was too narrow for a US numbered highway . A dam and replacement bridge were built and the river was rerouted.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is 1,184 ft long in total, with a deck width of 16 feet (4.9 m). Its main span is a 798 ft Warren-type pony truss bridge suspended by cables from rocker type towers. The span is held by two steel cables 5.75 in in diameter and 1,300.7 ft long. It has two approach spans, 57 ft and 114 ft long, and approach roadways 140 ft and 75 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The David B. Colwell House is a single family home located at 901 South Leroy Street in Fenton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>David B. Colwell and Edwin Adams owned and operated the Fenton Flour Mills. In 1870, Colwell built this house for his family. In 1880, he bought out his partner, and continued to operate the flour mill on his own.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The David B. Colwell House is a two-and-one-half story square brick Italianate house with a small, one-story addition constructed some time in the twentieth century. The front facade has a Classical gabled portico over an entry door with sidelights and an entablature. The windows on the first and second floor are four-over-four double hung sash units, placed symmetrically. Windows have stone lug sills and lintels. A brick beltcourse separates the second and attic stories. The attic story has small rectangular windows located in the frieze. The house has a low-pitched hip roof with overhanging eaves, covered with light red tiles added at a later date.</p><br>
<p>Princeton Nurseries was a large commercial plant nursery located near Kingston in the township of South Brunswick, extending into the township of Plainsboro, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1913 by William Flemer Sr., it once was the largest commercial nursery in the United States. The company stopped operations here in 1995. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Princeton Nurseries Historic District on August 28, 2018, for its significance in agriculture and architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The Sales and Administration Building, located at 145 Mapleton Road, was built in 1917 and renovated in the 1960s by the architect Rolf W. Bauhan to have Colonial Revival style. It now is the main office of the Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park. The Large Packing Shed, used for storage and shipping, has several sections. The western end was built in 1917 next to the tracks of the Rocky Hill Railroad. The eastern sections were insulated and refrigerated.</p><br>
<h2>Horticultural introductions</h2><br>
<p>Ulmus americana Princeton – Princeton American Elm</p><br>
<p>The Dibbleville-Fentonville Historic District is a primarily residential historic district roughly bounded by Shiawassee, Riggs, Holly and George Streets in Fenton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clark Dibble came to Michigan from New York State. He initially lived in Detroit and then Pontiac, but then stumbled across a site near the Saginaw Road where numerous Indian trails crossed. Convinced that the easy access to transportation could make a prosperous settlement, Dibble established the town of Dibbleville at this site in 1834. He established a sawmill and promoted the settlement, but did not stay long. In 1836, Robert LeRoy and William M. Fenton purchased the entire townsite on the advice of Robert&#39;s father, Judge Daniel LeRoy, who predicted the area would prosper when a planned railroad line was constructed. In 1837, Leroy and Fenton platted the town and renamed it Fentonville; they and other settlers opened stores, mills and hotels as Fentonville grew. The settlement was centered around the intersection of Shiawassee and Leroy Streets, and early settlers built houses nearby.</p><br>
<p>In 1856, the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad built a line through the settlement, and Fentonville expanded again, adding industrial activities such as a fruit preservation plant, a woolen mill, a tannery, a brewery, and other operations. Both residential and commercial areas of the city expanded, and plats were added to the town. The community became a major market and shipping center. Fenton continued as a major center until the early 20th century, when nearby Flint began to dominate the area. As automobiles became more prevalent, Fenton&#39;s role as a market and industrial center declined. However, many residents were lured by the opportunity to commute to Flint, Pontiac, or Lansing and the automotive assembly jobs offered. Fenton continues to serve as a bedroom community for Flint and other nearby cities.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dibbleville-Fentonville Historic District includes 130 structures, of which 119 contribute to the historic character of the neighborhood. Of the 130 structure, 111 are originally residential (four of which have been converted to commercial use), 12 are commercial, four are churches, and three are public or institutional structures. These structures range from Greek Revival and Gothic Revival residences constructed in the 1830s to 1860s, to Italianate and Queen Anne structures from the later 19th century to Shingle, Colonial Revival, Mission, Spanish Revival, and Bungalow styles structures from around the turn of the century. Residential structures come is a range of sizes and grandeur, from large mansions to modest worker&#39;s cottages. The structures are made from wood, brick, cement block, stone, and various combinations of these materials.</p><br>
<p>The core of the district is the two commercial blocks in a T-shaped area at the intersection of Leroy and Shiawassee Streets. This area includes mainly two-story, brick Italianate commercial style buildings. Many have cast iron and pressed metal storefronts, rounded arch windows and decorative cornices. Nearby are four churches. The commercial sector is surrounded by residential buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Lancaster Post Office is a historic post office at 236 W. Maple Street in Lancaster, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lancaster Post Office opened in 1938, with George H. Cox serving as its first postmaster. It was one of several Wisconsin post offices built by the Public Works Administration in the 1930s; as the PWA commonly reused building designs, it was nearly identical to the Lake Geneva post office. In 1940, artist Tom Rost painted a mural on the interior as part of the Public Works of Art Project. Rost also painted murals in post offices in Elkhorn, Wisconsin and Paoli, Indiana, and he worked as an artist for the Milwaukee Journal in the 1930s. His mural in Lancaster, titled Farm Yard, depicts farmers working on a large hay wagon alongside chickens and pigs.</p><br>
<p>The Mitchell-Rountree House is located in Platteville, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>It is an early 1.5-story cottage built of carefully fit dolomite for Rev. Samuel Mitchell in a style from his native Virginia. Mitchell had served in the Revolutionary War. John Rountree, founder of Platteville, married Mitchell&#39;s daughter, probably built the house, and Rountrees lived there for many years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Mitchell was an American Revolutionary War veteran who had retired to the area after serving as Methodist Episcopal clergy in Virginia and Illinois. His son, Rev. John T. Mitchell, was appointed as the first pastor of the Platteville Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832. John H. Rountree was Mitchell&#39;s son-in-law. One of the founders of Platteville, he was a veteran of the Black Hawk War and served in the Wisconsin State Senate and the Wisconsin State Assembly. The house currently serves as a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The J. H. Rountree Mansion, a personal residence that Rountree later built for himself and his family, is also located in Platteville and listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The J. H. Rountree Mansion is located in Platteville, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John H. Rountree was one of the founders of Platteville. He was a veteran of the Black Hawk War who served in the Wisconsin State Senate and the Wisconsin State Assembly. The house remained in Rountree&#39;s family for several decades before one of his descendants left the house to the state. For a number of years, it was used as the residence for the Chancellor of what is now the University of Wisconsin-Platteville.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989. The Mitchell-Rountree House is also located in Platteville. Rountree built it for his father-in-law, Samuel Mitchell, an American Revolutionary War veteran who served as a Methodist Episcopal clergyman.</p><br>
<p>The Potosi Badger Huts Site is located in Potosi, Wisconsin. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It was listed for its potential to yield information in the future.</p><br>
<p>It is an archeological site which includes the remnants of two structures, plus 100 "diggings", shafts, and a possible adit. The site derives "from the early 1830s and was probably abandoned by the late 1840s, when the initial lead boom ended. Covering approximately 10 acres, the site is located on the top and sides of a southwest to northeast bearing ridge that overlooks the village of Potosi."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places states that "Although no artifacts have yet been recovered to assign these structures to the early lead mining era, the appearance of the rock walls suggest some antiquity. The stones are moss-covered and the spaces between the stones have filled with dirt. Long-term Potosi residents also regard them as the remains of early miners&#39; (a.k.a. badgers) huts. The evidence, admittedly, remains circumstantial."</p><br>
<p>The Fenton Seminary was an educational building located at 309 High Street in Fenton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. and removed from the NRHP in 2020.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fenton Seminary was founded by Rosina L. Dayfoot under the auspices of the Baptist Church, as a feeder preparatory school for students attending Kalamazoo College. It first held classes in a frame structure, but in about 1868 the school constructed this building. The seminary operated for nearly 20 years, offering classes in business, languages, music, and calisthenics. However, in 1886, the board of trustees deemed it impossible to continue operating, and the school was closed. The trustees offered the building to the Baptist Ministers Aid Society, and it served as a home for retired ministers. A fire in 1899 gutted the interior and destroyed the roof; the building was reconstructed in 1900 with an altered roof and facade.</p><br>
<p>The building continued to be used by the Baptist Ministers Aid Society, then as an apartment complex and a convalescence home, until 1967. There were several attempts at rehabilitation, but the building remained vacant until 2014, when it reverted to the city of Fenton for back taxes. The city demolished the building in September 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Fenton Seminary was a two-story stone building. It was originally constructed as a three-story structure in the Second Empire style, but during the reconstruction in 1900, the original mansard roof was replaced with a hip roof, creating a two-story structure. The front facade had a porch with stone piers, accessed with a stairway. A central gabled dormer on the roof was flanked with decorative metal ones.</p><br>
<p>The Horace Gilbert House, also known as the Morgan and Enos Miller House, is a single family home located at 5023 Holland Drive in Swartz Creek, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1870, Horace Gilbert built this house. It was purchased in 1902 by Morgan Miller, son of prominent citizen Enos Miller. Enos Miller and his wife Martha retired to this hose and lived there until their deaths in 1920 and 1905. The house was restored in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is an L-shaped structure with simple detailing, including corner boards and a wide frieze below a boxed cornice. The front porch shows Queen Anne style detailing such as shingling on the gable, scalloped bargeboards, and decorative turned brackets.</p><br>
<p>The Badin-Roque House is a historic house located along Louisiana Highway 484, about 6.6 mi southeast of Natchez in the community of Isle Brevelle.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally built in the early nineteenth century, it is a Poteaux-en-terre French Creole cottage with bousillage construction walls. Several alterations were made in the 1830s when a beaded tongue and groove ceiling was added, along with board and batten fenestration, and in 1850, when it was added the actual pitched roof and siding.</p><br>
<p>First owner of land where the house is standing was Francois Frederic, who sold it to the free Creole of color, Augustin Metoyer in 1827. In 1840, Augustin Metoyer had his lands and buildings appraised and donated the property to his son Jean Baptiste Augustin Metoyer Jr.</p><br>
<p>In 1855, the parcel comprising the house was sold to Sigmund Kisffy, who sold it to the Reverend Auguste Marie Martin in 1856. Bishop Martin used the house as a mission convent for the Daughters of the Cross, a French order of teaching nuns. Bishop Martin sold the property to Jean Napoleon Burdin in 1859. After the death of Burdin, the property was acquired by George Lahaye in 1866, who sold it to Gristoffe Bussi, an Italian baker, in 1867. The property was acquired at an unknown date by Norbert Badin, a distant relative to Augustin Metoyer, and the property passed to his daughter Zeline Badin Roque in 1927. After her death, the house was acquired by Edward Antee, from which the property was acquired by the St. Augustine Historical Society in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Knowlton Covered Bridge, near Rinard Mills, Ohio, was built around 1860. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was decommissioned shortly after. Also known as the Long Covered Bridge, it is a Burr arch truss bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located north of Rinard Mills, and is in Washington Township, Monroe County, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has three spans over the Little Muskingum River. It was rehabilitated in 1995 and documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 2004.</p><br>
<p>It is mentioned in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.</p><br>
<p>The middle span collapsed the evening of July 5, 2019. The Old Camp span has also collapsed, sometime in the summer of 2020.</p><br>
<p>As of March 2024 the bridge is currently under reconstruction. With plans to have it open within a few months.</p><br>
<p>The Martinsville Road Covered Bridge, west of Martinsville, Ohio in Clark Township, Clinton County, Ohio, was built in 1871. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>It is a multiple kingpost covered bridge.</p><br>
<p>It spans the East Fork of Todds Fork of the Little Miami River and is 72 ft long.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Zimri Wall in 1871. Wall co-founded the Champion Bridge Company the next year, which in 1999 was one of the oldest continuously operating bridge companies in the USA, and which considers this bridge its first work.</p><br>
<p>The Otway Covered Bridge, in Scioto County, Ohio north of Ohio State Route 348 in Otway, was built in 1874 by the Smith Bridge Co. of Toledo, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>It is a 127 ft Smith type timber truss covered bridge crossing Scioto Brush Creek in Brush Creek Township, Scioto County, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The Otway Historical Society took ownership after the bridge was bypassed and closed to traffic in 1961; volunteers of the society performed maintenance subsequently but the bridge deteriorated. In March 2012, a tornado damaged the roof of the bridge, and in August 2012, a federal grant was awarded for its repair and preservation, which was concluded in August 2014 with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. A major rehabilitation involving the Scioto County Engineer, Otway Historical Society, Jones-Stuckey, Ltd, J.A. Barker Engineering and The Righter Company garnered a "Preservation Merit Award" from the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office in 2015.</p><br>
<p>It is mentioned in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.</p><br>
<p>The Turney-Hall House is a historic house in Fairfield, Illinois. Built circa 1875, the houses design combines elements of the Italianate and Folk Victorian styles. The house has a balloon frame with a two-story Italianate form. Its roof has both an Italianate hipped shape and tall gables typical of Folk Victorian designs, though the wide eaves and the band board running below them are Italianate. The houses porch and balcony reflect both styles, but its ornamental features are generally confined to the porch, a characteristic Folk Victorian feature. While wood frame Italianate homes were popular in the late 19th century, the house is among the last of its type remaining in Fairfield and is the only one without modern siding.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 19, 2018, as the House at 502 SE 4th St. The listing was updated with a new name in 2020.</p><br>
<p>The Palos Covered Bridge, in Athens County, Ohio near Glouster, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is a multiple kingpost truss covered bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is a single-span bridge spanning the east fork of Sunday Creek about one mile north of Glouster off State Route 13, in Trimble Township, Athens County, Ohio. It served the W. P. Rice Mine, a coal mine which operated from 1913 to 1925.</p><br>
<p>The Alanson Green Farm House is a single-family home located at 11226 Green Road in Goodrich, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The house is a significant example of Midwestern rural Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alanson Green arrived in Michigan in 1855 after living in New York and Boston. He purchased 100 acres of land and soon after constructed this house. Little more is known about him.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Alanson Green Farm House is an L-shaped, vernacular Greek Revival house. The ell is fronted with a modest recessed porch with classically-inspired columns which shelters the main door. The house is topped with a wide frieze located below a boxed cornice with returns.</p><br>
<p>The Demarest House  is a historic building at 542 George Street in New Brunswick, New Jersey on the campus of Rutgers University. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1960. The house was later added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1977 for its significance in architecture, education, and social history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by George H. Cook and architect Charles Graham in 1868. The two and one-half story ashlar brownstone building features Victorian Gothic architecture. Cook lived here until his death in 1889. William H. S. Demarest, president of Rutgers College and later president of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, lived here from 1906 until his death in 1956. Since then the building has served a variety of purposes at Rutgers University. As of 2022 it houses various offices for the Rutgers School of Social Work.</p><br>
<p>The Carroll Villa is a historic hotel in Cape May, New Jersey. It is a contributing property in the Cape May Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is a 19th-century Victorian-style structure. Some characteristic features are its stout cupola, long windows, and a blue and white symmetrical front. There is a yellow-and-white-striped awning on the porch, a garden terrace in the back, and skylights on the roof. The Carroll Villa has 19 guest rooms. It was named after Charles Carroll, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.</p><br>
<p>The Carroll Villa was built in 1882. In 1983, a review in The New York Times praised the Mad Batter for its lychee duck and snow peas, introduced after Kulkowitz visited Thailand and brought back a chef. Harry Kulkowitz died on August 22, 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Mad Batter&#39;s specialty is its breakfast. The oatmeal pancakes were praised by the Boston Globe as "simple, hearty, and a trusty companion to any breakfast drink." The orange and almond French toast is made with thick brioche bread soaked in cream and orange juice and then fried and topped with almonds. Belgian waffles with pecans is a favorite of restaurant manager Marta Cobleigh. The crab cake Eggs Benedict has been acclaimed by food critics and is popular with customers.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Covered Bridge, near Upper Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1873 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It is located in Crane Township, Wyandot County, Ohio, about 5 mi northeast of Upper Sandusky on Township Road 40A.</p><br>
<p>It is a Howe truss covered bridge built by J.C. Davis.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was burned on May 17, 1991 and was restored in 1993. It is 171.9 ft in total length with span 162.1 ft long.</p><br>
<p>It is covered in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.</p><br>
<p>The Parks Covered Bridge, in Perry County, Ohio near Chalfants, Ohio, was built in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>It was built by William A. Dean and J.T. Tracey.</p><br>
<p>It spans a branch of Jonathan Creek and is a "very good example" of a multiple kingpost truss covered bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located south of Chalfants, and north of Somerset on County Road 33, in Hopewell Township, Perry County, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Depot in Powder River, Wyoming, also known as Powder River Train Station, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was one of only two stations built by the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad in all of Natrona County, the other being a brick structure in Casper.</p><br>
<p>A garage or shed on the property is a second contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The Judge John A. Bingham House is a historic house at 621 14th Avenue in Monroe, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John A. Bingham held a number prominent local positions, including District Attorney of Green County, Wisconsin. He also co-founded the State Bank of Monroe, the first bank in Green County, and later founded the First National Bank of Monroe. His house was built in 1950 by carpenter Norman Churchill. The two-story house has a Greek Revival design with an entablature and pilasters around the entrance, sash windows, and a front-facing gable with cornice returns.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Saint Anthony in Casper, Wyoming, is a Roman Catholic church located at 604 S. Center Street. It is a Romanesque Revival building designed by architects Garbutt, Weidner, and Sweeney and built in 1919–20.</p><br>
<p>It replaced a predecessor wooden church, built following a successful fund-raising drive started in 1897 by several Irish immigrant women. Irish immigrants worked as shepherds in the area.</p><br>
<p>The 1920 church is brick and marble upon a concrete foundation, with a full basement and a tile roof. The brick is laid in stretcher bond. Its "distinctive square bell tower, tile roof, round arched windows and corbel tables closely resemble churches in Italy and represents the Romanesque Revival architectural style.".</p><br>
<p>An adjacent rectory, built in 1949-50 is not included in the listing.</p><br>
<p>Saint Anthony’s Church engages in picketing for the pro life movement in Casper and sponsors True Care, a Crisis pregnancy center and ministry of the church.</p><br>
<p>The John A. OFarrell Cabin was built by John A. OFarrell in Boise, Idaho, in 1863. The cabin is considered the first family home in Boise.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 200 ft&sup2; cabin was built of cottonwood logs near the entrance to the reconstructed Fort Boise in 1863, and it precedes the original plat of Boise City. OFarrell made improvements to the cabin in 1864, including glass windows, a hinged door, and a shingle roof. Catholic services were held at the cabin from 1863 until 1870, and the OFarrells lived in the cabin until 1872.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 the cabin was moved 200 ft to its current location, and it became the property of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The DAR restored the cabin in 1911. In 1958 a protective cover was added, then in 1993 the cabin became the property of Boise Parks and Recreation, and it was restored again in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places December 3, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Reed Bridge, near Marysville, Ohio, was a Partridge truss covered bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It was a single-span wooden bridge which spanned Big Darby Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Reuben Partridge in 1884 and spanned over 150 ft. It was the longest covered bridge in Union County.</p><br>
<p>It was located 3.5 miles south of Marysville off State Route 38 in Darby Township, Union County, Ohio. It was bypassed by Route 38 in the 1960s. The bridge collapsed on August 19, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Samuel Blumer House is a historic house at 112 Sixth Avenue in New Glarus, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-story stone house was built circa the 1850s during the early development of New Glarus. Dr. Samuel Blumer, the first physician in New Glarus, bought the property in 1858; like most of New Glarus&#39; first residents, Blumer was a Swiss immigrant. The house applied elements of the Greek Revival style, such as a front-facing gable with cornice returns, to traditional Swiss stone construction techniques. Abraham Kundert placed a clapboard addition on the house while using it as a hardware store in the 1870s. The house was added to the State and the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Cadiz Township Joint District No. 2 School building is a former school at 214 School Street in Browntown, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was built in 1921 to replace the districts 1884 school building, which was condemned by the state the previous year; under Wisconsin law at the time, state school inspectors had the authority to close school buildings they deemed "unsanitary or unsafe". The new building was constructed to the standards of a State Graded school, which included multiple classrooms, library space, and facilities for vocational and domestic education. Schools with two classrooms, such as the Cadiz Township school, were classified as Second Class State Graded schools, which those with three or more classrooms were marked as First Class. It was one of only two State Graded schools built in rural Green County prior to 1950; despite the states efforts, one-room schoolhouses vastly outnumbered multi-room Graded schools in rural areas statewide. The school became part of Monroe&#39;s school district in 1961 and absorbed several rural schools in a wave of school consolidation; it closed amid declining enrollment in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the State Register of Historic Places in 1995 and to the National Register of Historic Places the following year. It currently serves as a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Rinard Covered Bridge, near Marietta, Ohio, was built in 1876. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It is a Smith truss bridge built by the Smith Bridge Company of Toledo, Ohio and is a work of H. H. Townsend. It has also been known as Hendershott&#39;s Ford Bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located northeast of Wingett Run on County Road 406 in Ludlow Township, Washington County, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>It spans the Little Muskingum River. The bridge was destroyed by a flash flood on September 18, 2004 and was rebuilt in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is covered in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.</p><br>
<p>The Greer County Courthouse, on Courthouse Sq. in Mangum, Oklahoma, is a courthouse which was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-story red brick building with granite and limestone trim. It was built with an "elaborate copper-covered dome centered on the top, but. it was removed in the 1940s because the weight of the dome caused structural damage to the building."</p><br>
<p>The Roberts Covered Bridge is a Burr Truss covered bridge in Preble County, Ohio near Eaton. It was built in 1829, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1829 by (and named for) Orlistus Roberts, originally crossing Sevenmile Creek about 2.5 miles south of Eaton at 39&deg;42&prime;41&Prime;N latitude, 84&deg;37&prime;15&Prime;W longitude. It was restored in 1962, and further repairs were made in 1974. After being vandalized and heavily damaged by a fire in 1986, it was restored and moved to a city park in Eaton in 1990, still crossing Sevenmile Creek at 39.740437&deg;N latitude, 84.638759&deg;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>It is claimed to be the oldest covered bridge in Ohio, the second oldest covered bridge in the United States, and the oldest of the six remaining "double-barreled" covered bridges in the United States. Its current location is about 150 ft north of the St. Clair Street Bridge, also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is closed to traffic.</p><br>
<p>The John A. OFarrell House is a combination of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles designed by N. W. Bower and built in Boise, Idaho, in 1892. The house was constructed for John A. OFarrell, one of Boise City&#39;s first residents.</p><br>
<p>The 3,238 ft&sup2; house has four bedrooms and four bathrooms, and it was listed for sale in 2017 at $924,900. The front fence separating the house from West Franklin Street was constructed from a balustrade salvaged from the Dewey Palace Hotel (1903), demolished (1963) in Nampa, Idaho. Original cost of the house in 1892 was $8000.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places September 4, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Scottown Covered Bridge, near Scottown, Ohio, was built in 1874. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is a Multiple Kingpost covered bridge.</p><br>
<p>It spans Indian Guyan Creek and is 85 ft long. It has a corrugated metal roof. It is a multiple Kingpost and Queenpost bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located east of Scottown on State Route 67 in Windsor Township, Lawrence County, Ohio</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1877. It survived several floods early in its history. It was modified in 1934 by the addition of a Burr Arch and steel tie rods.</p><br>
<p>It is covered in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.</p><br>
<p>The Red Oak Creek Covered Bridge carries Covered Bridge Road  across Red Oak Creek north of Woodbury, Georgia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is a covered Town lattice truss and has also been known as Big Red Oak Creek Bridge.</p><br>
<p>It was probably built by Horace King, a slave, in about 1840.</p><br>
<p>The bridge&#39;s covered portion is 116 ft long while its total span is 412 ft long, which is the longest total span of any covered bridge in Georgia. Its long sills were sawn from heart pine and are 15x15 in in dimension. It is held together by approximately 2,500 wooden pegs also known as trunnels.</p><br>
<p>When listed in 1973, the bridge was still in use. It was thought to possibly be the oldest covered bridge in Georgia, and to be "an outstanding reminder of the age when there were over 250 covered bridges in Georgia."</p><br>
<p>The Phillipsburg Commercial Historic District is a 12.7 acre historic district in the town of Phillipsburg in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 2008, for its local history and representative late 19th and early 20th century commercial structures. It has 66 contributing buildings, including the individually listed Lander–Stewart Mansion and Stites Building, and 4 contributing structures.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The oldest building in the district is the former Union Hotel located in Union Square. The four-story Federal structure was built in 1811. The Lander–Stewart Mansion was built around 1880 with Italianate architecture and the Stites Building around 1835 with Federal architecture. Union Station was built in 1914 for the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The White Oak Creek Covered Bridge, near Alvaton, Georgia, was built in 1880. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>It was a c.1880 work, probably of Horace King, a former slave born in 1807. It is a Long-truss covered bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located southeast of Alvaton on Covered Bridge Rd. It burned down in 1985. Only metal pilings and a skeleton of the deck remain.</p><br>
<p>The Halle Building, formerly known as the Pope Building and after 2014 as The Residences at Halle, is an 11-story Chicago School mixed-use structure located in the Downtown Cleveland central business district in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Designed by architect Henry Bacon, the building was the flagship department store of the Halle Brothers Co. from 1910 to 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Halle Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1983, and converted to office space in 1986. On November 19, 1995, the Halle Building was listed as a contributing property to the Lower Prospect—Huron Historic District. The Halle Building was purchased by K & D Group in 2014. The ground floor was converted back to retail, and the sixth through tenth floors turned into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>The Pope Building</h2><br>
<p>In 1900, the site of the original (1910) and the addition (1914) Halle buildings was occupied by mostly by single-story wood-frame houses. On the east side of the intersection of E. 12th Place (also known as "Short Alley") and Euclid Avenue were two low-rise, mixed-used buildings, 1208 Euclid and 1218 Euclid. Built between 1874 and 1881, they contained retail and offices on the first few floors and residential housing above. 1111 Huron Road, another office building located slightly southeast of (but on the same lot as) 1218 Euclid, was built about the same time. There were also several large structures on or adjacent to the site. The earliest of these was the Cleveland Wheel Club, finished in 1893 and located on the east side of the intersection of E. 12th Place and Huron Road. It was later known as the Wyandot House hotel. The structure was finished in March 1911.</p><br>
<h3>Planning</h3><br>
<p>In 1905, former Cleveland resident Alfred Atmore Pope and one of his business associates, Harrison Whittemore, purchased the site of the Halle Building and began planning the construction of a 16-story office building on the eastern portion of the site (adjacent to the Point Building). Pope took the lead in overseeing the project, hiring New York City architect Henry Bacon to design the structure. the lowest of which was intended to be used as a station for a then-planned Cleveland subway.</p><br>
<p>The existing structures between 1218 Euclid/1111 Huron and the Point Building were demolished, Cleveland-area builders traveled to New York City consult with Pope and Bacon, and test drillings were conducted at the site to determine the quality of the underlying soil and rock.</p><br>
<h3>Quicksand solution</h3><br>
<p>Tidewater Construction, a New York firm, began excavation toward the end of June 1907.</p><br>
<p>The T.B. Bryson company of New York City was the general contractor for the cofferdam. This left the sheets embedded in about 4 ft of the blue clay. Sheet-driving was subcontracted to the Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. Each steel sheet dovetailed with the one next to it, and soft pine splines inserted into the dovetails. The wood swelled when it came into contact with water, helping to ensure a tight seal.</p><br>
<p>Sheet-driving began in the middle of the west side, and worked counter-clockwise. Because 1218 Euclid had a very shallow foundation, a two-story concrete wall had to be erected to support building while excavation occurred. A drop hammer rather than a steam hammer was used on the east side as well, as sheet-driving occurred within 8 in of the adjacent structure&#39;s wall. Once the sheet-driving reached the east side, work began in the middle of the west side and worked clockwise around the site. Special care needed to be taken on the Euclid Avenue side of the building due to the danger of cave-ins. The work met at the northeast corner of the site.</p><br>
<p>The Bryson company then drove large, round wooden piles through the quicksand and into the clay below. The interior of the cofferdam was excavated, and timber braces (each 12 by in thickness and 8 ft long) were placed 4 to 6 ft apart to help stabilize the sheeting until the foundation and interior walls could be constructed.</p><br>
<h3>Foundation</h3><br>
<p>The foundation of the Pope Building is a combination of reinforced concrete floating raft and grillage. Reengineering the foundation due to the quicksand problem meant only a single sub-basement was constructed.</p><br>
<p>In the sub-basement, the sheet piling was plastered and then waterproofed with felt and tar. The felt/tar waterproofing was flashed over the top of the sheet piling and extended horizontally about 1 ft past the outer wall. Below the sub-basement floor was another waterproofing layer that consisted of 6 in of reinforced concrete poured atop the watery sand and then topped with felt and tar. The sub-basement walls were built directly against the waterproofed sheet piling, and made of concrete 3 ft thick. The upper part of the sub-basement walls were reinforced with rebar 1 in thick and 6 in apart.</p><br>
<p>Grillages to hold the columns in place were placed atop the waterproof layer. Each grillage consisted of two tiers of interlocking 24 in I-beams. Each grill supported a single one of the 40 columns that made up the buildings superstructure. The floor of the sub-basement was poured atop the waterproofing layer, and made of reinforced concrete. Originally, the building was to have relied on the sheet piling and sub-basement wall columns to support the outer walls. Structural engineers, however, felt that the re-engineered steel sheet pilings would give way under the centripetal forces placed on it by the quicksand as well as the buildings weight. This required them to alter their plan for the wall columns that supported the buildings frame and upper floors. The new foundations wall columns (now called "fulcrums") were set inward 5 ft from the sub-basement wall. Each fulcrum consisted of two C-beams, each 15 in wide and held together by four 18 in cover plates. A girder, made of steel plates bolted together and 21.4 in long, 18 in wide, and 50 in deep, acted as a cantilever. One end was anchored atop the fulcrum, while the other end was supported by a "cantilever support column" (almost identical to the fulcrum) set 12.5 in from the sub-basement wall. There were no steel wall columns against the outside walls of the basement or above-ground floors. Rather, a cup-like seat surrounded the inward end of the cantilever beam and the top of the fulcrum. Into this was seated the load-bearing column above (which, like those in the sub-basement, were set inward 5 ft from the exterior wall). The downward pressure of the load-bearing column helped to keep the cantilever in place atop the fulcrum, which in turn acted like a lever to support the exterior walls of the basement and upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Between the grills, 16 in of reinforced concrete helped to spread the load and keep the grills in place. The concrete between the grillage and for the floor was poured as a single unit 5 to 6 ft thick. A short girder was placed between the base of each near-wall column and the grillage surrounding the fulcrum to help the grillage and floor retain integrity.</p><br>
<p>A 4 in thick brick wall was built against the waterproofed sheet piling in the basement. Against this brick wall, a 2 ft thick concrete wall was poured. The basement floor was made of reinforced concrete, and designed to support the weight of the building&#39;s steam heating plant, air conditioning plant, and other mechanical equipment. The load-bearing columns in the basement were all 17 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The Pope Building had the deepest basement in Cleveland. It was likely that this was the first time steel sheeting had been used as pilings in a large building anywhere in the United States, and local architects and The Plain Dealer newspaper called the soil engineering and foundation the most successful method of dealing with quicksand that the nation had ever seen.</p><br>
<p>The original basement and foundation design had an estimated cost of $175,000 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>Work began on the cofferdam on August 20, 1907, and took about two months to complete. About 40,000 cubic yards of concrete and 1,600 ST of steel were used just for the foundation, which was finished about the end of 1907. As with nearly all foundations, the below-ground levels of the Pope Building were not intended to be completely watertight. The sub-basement was designed to collect water, which would then be pumped out into the citys sewer system. Because Clevelands sewer lines were only 11 ft below-ground, this meant that the water had to be pumped upward 31 ft before it could enter the sewer line.</p><br>
<h3>Completion of the original building</h3><br>
<p>Tidewater Construction was awarded the contract to complete the buildings superstructure. The 2,800 ST of steel for the edifice was provided by the Pittsburgh Steel Construction Co., and arrived in mid-September 1908. and each tile was numbered so that workers knew exactly where it should go on the buildings facade. The brick was made by the Cleveland Hydraulic Press Brick Company.</p><br>
<p>The exterior wall of the first floor was made of reinforced concrete 18 in thick, waterproofed with a layer of felt, tar, and burlap. The rebar in the exterior wall was horizontal, carrying weight from column to column without putting too much pressure on the soil below. Above the first floor, two I-beams were attached to the exterior of the frame of the building. One carried the brickwork facade and the other carried the interior floor. The girders supporting floors two through ten were supported by rolled I-beams, with no more than 8 ft between each girder. The concrete enclosing the girders and the concrete for the floor were poured at the same time. The concrete enclosing the girders rose to a minimum of 3 in above the girders, while the reinforced concrete for the floor itself was 5 in thick.</p><br>
<p>On November 28, 1908, the Halle Bros. department store signed a long-term lease for the entire Pope Building. This allowed the company to move from its existing location at Euclid Avenue and E. 6th Street, and to double its space.</p><br>
<h3>About the structure as originally built</h3><br>
<p>The structure was routinely referred to as the Pope Building, even two years after Halle Bros. leased it.</p><br>
<p>As originally constructed, the Pope Building consisted of 10 floors, a basement, and a sub-basement. The building had a frontage of 100 ft on both Euclid Avenue and Huron Road, was 165 ft deep, and 210 ft high at the roof line. Each floor had 14 ft ceilings. With 140,000 ft&sup2; of usable interior space, it was one of the largest retail structures in the Midwest.</p><br>
<p>Access to the building was provided by one freight and five passenger elevators. The interior of the public elevators were highly ornate. Each floor could also be reached by the public via marble stairways. Employees had their own utilitarian staircase, hidden from public view. Recently enacted city regulations required that the building include a fire escape. The Pope Building&#39;s fire escape was external to the structure proper and located on the Huron Road side. It was enclosed in its own bay, which projected outward from the building and had extensive windows to provide natural light.</p><br>
<p>A mechanical roofhouse contained the elevator machinery, a laundry, and a separate air circulation system serving the kitchen and bathrooms. Bert L. Baldwin & Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, designed the electrical, heating, and ventilating systems. The Smith & Obey Co. of Cleveland installed the heating and ventilation. All the heating and ventilation equipment was located in the sub-basement. The heating system consisted of two Babcock & Wilcox steam boilers, Worthington steam pumps, and two separate heating delivery systems. The sub-basement, basement, and first floor were warmed via air heated in the sub-basement and then blown through ventilation ducts. This system also provided forced (but not cooled) air when heating was not needed. The second through tenth floors relied on a "Paul" dual high- and low-pressure steam system built by the Automatic Heating Company and using steam radiators designed and built by the American Radiator Company. The ventilation system was designed and built by the Donaldson Company. This system both dehumidified and filtered the air. A 40,000 cuft system provided air to the sub-basement and basement, while a separate 30,000 cuft system provided air to the first floor. A central spine in the building contained the electrical system, fresh water plumbing, and central vacuum system.</p><br>
<p>All the public floors were covered with hardwood, while the walls above featured Circassian walnut wainscoting and marble paneling. Most counters, chairs, and other interior fixtures were of mahogany. The lobbies on Euclid Avenue and Huron Road drew special attention from the press, which noted their solid bronze doors and fixtures and the extensive use of verde antique, Italian white, and Italian green marble.</p><br>
<p>The total cost of the Pope Building was slightly more than $1.5 million ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>The Pope Building opened to the public on February 21, 1910. Thousands of people thronged the structure. Halle Bros. was open for business, but customers were permitted only to look at the store and browse items for sale for the first few days. The department store occupied the entire structure. Bargains were sold in the basement. The first floor contained the glove, jewelry, and mens accessories departments, with bedding, fabric, sewing goods, and shoes sold on the second floor. Womens lingerie and underwear, European gowns, and baby and infant needs were sold on the third floor, while clothing for young and teenage girls as well as hats were sold on the fourth. The fourth floor also contained the public restrooms and a parlor where customers could make telephone calls. Home furnishings such as curtains and drapes, upholstery for furniture, and rugs were sold on the sixth floor. The entire seventh floor was given over to a restaurant. Two-thirds of this space was a lunch room which featured ivory-tinted walls. The remainder was a tea room which was paneled in English Oak. The eighth floor housed the offices of Halle Bros. (with executive suites facing Euclid Avenue). Employees had access to a lounge, dressing area, and showers on this floor. Much of the tenth (top) floor was lit via rooftop skylights, and was where the fine furs and tailoring departments were located.</p><br>
<p>The Pope Building sparked a major revitalization of the shopping district on upper Euclid Avenue. With the Swetland Building (1910) at 1010 Euclid and the Cleveland Athletic Club building (1911) at 1118 Euclid, the Pope Building helped create an almost unbroken city block of buildings with deep foundations.</p><br>
<h2>1914 addition</h2><br>
<h3>Planning and construction</h3><br>
<p>In 1912, Alfred A. Pope agreed to build an addition to the original building for Halle Bros. The 10-story addition was directly west of the first structure, with a 100 ft frontage on both Euclid Avenue and Huron Road and an east–west average depth of 175 ft. The west wall of the original structure was modified so that the two buildings would become one.</p><br>
<p>The addition was almost a copy of the original building. It had a steel frame and floors of reinforced concrete, and a brick façade covered in cream terracotta. E. 12th Place was closed to vehicular traffic to accommodate the colonnade. A third major entrance to Halle Bros. was planned for E. 12th Place as well, with a grand staircase leading up to the second floor and down to the basement.</p><br>
<p>Tidewater Construction was given the construction contract. The estimated cost of the addition was $750,000 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>Construction on the addition began about August 1913. Tidewater Construction installed a temporary wooden colonnade on Euclid Avenue to protect people on sidewalk from falling construction debris. This type of safety measure had never before been seen in Cleveland, and it won high praise from the Cleveland Real Estate Board. The first serious construction accidents on either Pope building were recorded during construction of the addition. Iron worker Fred Horton, age 32, died after falling several stories from a steel beam into the basement on October 14. James O&#39;Brien fell two stories into the basement on October 27, but he landed on a pile of sand (which saved his life). In early December 1913, Tidewater Construction agreed to recognize its various construction unions, and signed a contract with the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor.</p><br>
<h3>About the 1914 addition</h3><br>
<p>The addition formally opened on November 2, 1914, increasing the size of the total available space to 425,000 ft&sup2;. The enlargement allowed Halle Bros. to offer a broader range of products, and for the first time the company began to sell candy, furniture, and men&#39;s clothing.</p><br>
<p>In addition to air filtration/tempering, heating, and ventilation, the sub-basement of the addition contained the elevator machinery and a pneumatic message system. A central spine in the building contained a spiral conveyor belt, the driving machinery for which was also in the sub-basement. With this system, merchandise could be moved from one floor to another where it could be retrieved by a staff person and given to a customer.</p><br>
<p>As in the original building, the basement was where bargains were sold. For the first time, Halles had enough space to begin selling mens and boys clothing. These departments were also located in basement, beneath the colonnade on the additions west side.</p><br>
<p>The first floor of the addition sold mens accessories and gloves, sporting goods, and select childrens toys. The west side of the additions first floor consisted of several small, self-contained stores which the department store called "Mens Row". Each of these stores could be accessed via the colonnade, or from the interior of the building. The first floor vestibule was accessed from E. 12th Place, and the entire floor was covered in marble. Patrons could reach the second floor or the basement from the vestibule via a grand marble staircase or an elevator.</p><br>
<p>The second floor was actually a mezzanine, with each department located in its own small, enclosed shop. Departments on this floor included with bedding, fabric, sewing goods, shoes, fine jewelry, small imported porcelain items, and novelties. An information desk on the mezzanine level provided areas where customers could write notes or letters, a kiosk where individuals could purchase tickets to local concerts or plays, several public telephones, a kiosk for the dropping off and picking up of dry cleaning, and a post office.</p><br>
<p>Womens lingerie and underwear and baby and infant needs were sold on the third floor. A greatly expanded womens evening wear department, which included a stage surrounded by lighted mirrors (so customers could view themselves from all angles) existed on the fourth floor. A new department which sold specialized mourning wear, a childrens barber, and a manicurists parlor also occupied the fourth floor. Bedroom, dining room, living room, and library furniture and accessories were sold on the fifth floor, while home décor items and a home decorating service occupied the sixth.</p><br>
<p>Most of the seventh floor consisted of dining establishments. These included a new 75-seat mens lunchroom, furnished in an Italian style and serving grilled items; a tea room decorated in the American Colonial style; and a tea room in a Japanese style. Another childrens toy department existed on the seventh floor as well, and adjacent to it was a playground (supervised by store staff) in which small children could play in a sandbox, in a child-size house, or on playground equipment. Adjacent to the playground was an enclosed, 50 ft golf instruction green. Golfing lessons were given here, and golfing equipment sold nearby.</p><br>
<p>Halle Bros. offices occupied the eighth floor, reserve stock was located on the ninth floor, and the tenth floor held vaults where customers could store fine furs, rugs, and textiles. These vaults were cooled to between 25 and, and accessed via a portal of sandstone carved in the Egyptian Revival style. A portion of the tenth floor also contained a tailor&#39;s department where alterations could be made.</p><br>
<p>The roofhouses had glass walls and ceilings, and contained a lunchroom, mens smoking room, and womens lounge—all for the exclusive use of employees.</p><br>
<h2>1949 addition</h2><br>
<p>About 1945, Halle Bros. purchased the Elks building at 1051 Huron Road as well as the former Wyandot House (now an office building) at 1103 Huron Road. The company planned a $10 million ($ in dollars) expansion project that included a downtown service building, branches in several Cleveland suburbs, and a new addition to its flagship store in Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>Work on the downtown expansion did not begin until 1947, as World War II-era restrictions on new building and materials were lifted only gradually after hostilities ended. Demolition of the Elks building did not occur until February 1947.</p><br>
<p>The new addition was 12 stories high. Halle Bros. removed the roofhouse structures atop its existing two buildings, and constructed two new stories atop the 1910 and 1914 structures to make them the same height as the new wing.</p><br>
<p>A.T. Knudsen, a local firm, began work on the cofferdam in April 1947. The Sam W. Emerson Co. of Cleveland was the general contractor. The superstructure and most of the internal construction was complete by October 1948. The basement and first floor opened in November 1948, and the third floor in December 1948. Every month thereafter, another floor opened.</p><br>
<p>The mezzanine (second floor) opened on July 27, 1949, marking the completion of the $5 million ($ in dollars) West Wing addition. The West Wing had the same brick and cream terracotta façade as the other Halle buildings. Only the basement and first through seventh floors were open to the public, giving the department store an additional 100,000 ft&sup2; of retail space. The main entrances of the West Wing were on Huron Road and E. 12th Place. Display windows were not a feature of the West Wing; instead, large windows allowed the public to look into the court of the building and observe customers and salespeople.</p><br>
<p>The eighth through 12th floors of the West Wing were reserved for employee use. The eighth, ninth, and 10th floors consisted of office space, a goods marking and receiving department, and the advertising and display departments. The 11th floor housed three classrooms where employees received training, the employee cafeteria, a kitchen, a bakery, and an ice cream manufacturing facility. (These latter three provided food to all three of the companys employee restaurants in downtown Cleveland.) The 11th floor also had a 15-room clinic, hospital, and dental center. This healthcare center, which was accredited by the American College of Surgeons, served customers who became ill while shopping at Halles. Employees also received low-cost healthcare there as part of their benefits package. The 12th floor housed maintenance shops and the buildings air conditioning equipment. The western portion of the 12th floor housed the Halles employee lounge (with views of The Flats to the west). A staircase led from this lounge to the roof, where employees could enjoy a rooftop garden. Atop the roof was a 75,000 gal water tower. The second-highest water tower in the city at the time, it provided pressure for the fire control sprinkler system.</p><br>
<h2>Post-Halle&#39;s history of the building</h2><br>
<h3>Closure of Halle&#39;s</h3><br>
<p>Halle Bros. occupied what now became known as the Halle Building until the early 1980s. The company was sold to Marshall Fields in 1970, and then to Associated Investors Corporation in November 1981. Associated Investors closed all the Halles stores, including the downtown flagship store, in January 1982.</p><br>
<h3>Conversion to offices</h3><br>
<p>Forest City Enterprises took at 50 percent ownership in the building in June 1982. Six months later, Forest City and Jacob Schottenstein, majority owner of Associated Investors, formed a joint venture named S&R Playhouse Realty Co. to renovate the building. S&R Playhouse Realty sought to renovate floors two through 11 into 400,000 ft&sup2; of office space, and to remodel the basement, first floor, and mezzanine into 50,000 ft&sup2; of retail and restaurant space.</p><br>
<p>The Halle Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1983.</p><br>
<p>S&R Playhouse Realty asked Cuyahoga County officials for $10 million ($ in dollars) in industrial bond revenues to pay for the $27 million ($ in dollars) in redevelopment costs it wanted to incur. S&R Playhouse Realty formed a subsidiary, Halle Office Building Limited Partnership, and assigned it a 50 percent interest in the office portion of the building. S&R Playhouse Realty sold the other half to outside investors. Forest City and Schottenstein put $8.4 million ($ in dollars) of their own money into the project as well. The ultimate cost of the renovation was $31 million ($ in dollars). The city of Cleveland gave a $7.1 million ($ in dollars) federal Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) loan and Cuyahoga County gave a $14 million ($ in dollars) industrial development loan (funded by a bond issue) to S&R Playhouse Realty to assist in paying for the remodeling. The basement (now called a "concourse") became a 400-seat food court named Cabaret. Each office floor had 40,000 ft&sup2; of space. The escalators were enclosed but not removed in case a client leased more than one floor. The 10th and 11th floors became a health club.</p><br>
<p>The city of Cleveland and other area landlords agreed to improve their properties at the same time as part of a broader attempt to improve the economic viability of the area around the Halle Building. In 1983, the eastern portion of the Point Building was demolished. Huron Road was redirected to turn north through this portion of the Point Building site, connecting it with E. 13th Street. A new mini-park and plaza was created on the old site of the road.</p><br>
<h3>Hotel construction to the east</h3><br>
<p>In the fall of 1987, local developers proposed demolishing the remainder of the Point Building and constructing a new luxury hotel on the site to serve the reviving Playhouse Square district to the east of the Halle Building. The Point Building was razed in the fall of 1988 to prepare for this construction. Demolition of the structure left the windowless, blank eastern wall of the Halle Building facing Playhouse Square.</p><br>
<p>The $27.6 million ($ in dollars) Wyndham Hotel at Playhouse Square broke ground in July 1993, and opened on July 7, 1995.</p><br>
<p>On November 19, 1995, the Lower Prospect—Huron Historic District (of which the Halle Building is a contributing property) was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Operational history of the office building</h3><br>
<p>In March 1997, Forest City agreed to move its headquarters into downtown Cleveland&#39;s Terminal Tower and remain there for 15 years. In exchange, the city of Cleveland forgave half the 1985 UDAG which had been used to renovate the Halle Building. Forest City also said it would pay off the remaining balance of the UDAG by 1999 as part of the deal.</p><br>
<p>The Halle Building was just two-thirds occupied in 2004, and dramatically slowing business over the last several years meant that only eight restaurants remained in the Cabaret food court by 2006.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, New York City-based real estate investor Stuart Venner (doing business as "216 Jamaica Avenue LLC") purchased the land under the Halle Building from the lands owner, Realty Investment Corporation, for $845,000 ($ in dollars). Venner discovered that the original 1910 lease (still in force as of 2006) contained a "gold clause" that permitted rent to rise with the price of gold. Halle Bros. and Forest Citys rent had remained at $35,000 a year since 1912. When Venner invoked the gold clause, Forest Citys rent for the land beneath the Halle Building rose to more than $1.4 million a year. Forest Citys S&R Playhouse Realty subsidiary (which had been assigned the lease) sued to have the gold clause declared invalid, but in August 2008 the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit upheld the gold clause in the lease.</p><br>
<h2>K&D Group ownership</h2><br>
<h3>Putting the building up for sale</h3><br>
<p>In late 2012, Forest City announced it was putting the Halle Building on the market after an attempt to secure a large tenant collapsed. The company took a $30.2 million ($ in dollars) loss on the building and reduced its value to $10.5 million ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>Cuyahoga County began to seek a new location for its government operations, and Forest City submitted the Halle Building as a potential site in September 2012. but the county chose to build a headquarters instead. In October 2013, Forest City reiterated in filings with the USA Securities and Exchange Commission that it still intended to sell the building or redevelop it with a partner.</p><br>
<p>By the summer of 2014, the Halle Building was only 50 percent occupied.</p><br>
<h3>K&D Group purchase</h3><br>
<p>K & D Group of Willoughby, Ohio, purchased the Halle Building for $20 million ($ in dollars) on December 3, 2014. K&D Group hired Berardi+Partners, a Columbus-based architectural firm, to design the renovations. K&D said it would convert the upper floors into 240 apartments, refurbish two floors and retain them as office space, and add 80 basement parking spaces to the 600-space garage across Huron Road. The company initially said construction would begin in 2016, but just days later pushed the start of construction to 2018.</p><br>
<p>K&D Group applied for a state of Ohio historic preservation tax credit for 2015, but was not successful.</p><br>
<p>K&D Group established two subsidiaries, both condominiums, to own the Halle Building. One was assigned the five-floor office/retail section and the other the five-floor residential portion. An particularly complex financing package fell into place in the late spring of 2017. Construction on the $60 million ($ in dollars) Halle Building conversion began in June, with the office floors being renovated first so that upper-floor tenants could move down and free up space for the residential conversion. Cleveland Construction Inc. of Mentor, Ohio, was the general contractor.</p><br>
<h2>About The Residences at Halle</h2><br>
<p>Floors six through 10 of the Halle Building are now known as The Residences at Halle. Floors six through nine contain 122 one-, two-, and three-bedroom units, while the 10th and 11th floors contain 12 larger, two-story "penthouse" luxury units. Units range in size from 865 to 1535 sqft on the sixth through ninth floors, and up to 3,070 ft&sup2; in the penthouse apartments. Residents have access to a 17,000 ft&sup2; fitness center on a lower floor as well as parking in the Huron Road garage (accessible via a tunnel under Huron Road).</p><br>
<p>Residential tenants began moving into The Residences at Halle in August 2018, with construction on all units scheduled for completion in January 2019.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>During the late 1990s, the Halle Building&#39;s facade was used as the location of the fictional Winfred-Louder store on The Drew Carey Show.</p><br>
<p>A portion of a fight scene between Spider-Man and Sandman was filmed in front of the Halle Building for the film Spider-Man 3 (2007).</p><br>
<p>The Auchumpkee Creek Covered Bridge, near Thomaston, Georgia, was built in 1898. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It is a Town lattice truss bridge. It has also been called the Hootenville Covered Bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located about 10 mi southeast of Thomaston, about 1 mi off USA 19 on Allen Rd.</p><br>
<p>"It spans Auchumpkee Creek in the Hootenville Militia District of Upson County, Georgia. The bridge is completely covered and extends 120 feet 9 inches in length resting on two native stone piers held together with cement."</p><br>
<p>The Kesler Covered Bridge, near Homer, Georgia, was built in 1925. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It is located 10 mi north of Homer on County Line Rd. over the Middle Fork of the Broad River.</p><br>
<p>It is a single-span 69 ft long truss bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is unusual for having a Kingpost truss on one side and a Queenpost truss on the other.</p><br>
<p>It was a work of construction foreman Robert Verner and workers Eugene Vaughn, J. A. Kesler, Grady Crump and Daye Crump. It is named for the Kesler family.</p><br>
<p>The Cromer&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge, spanning Nails Creek near Carnesville, Georgia, was built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It is a Town Lattice truss bridge. It has also been known as Nails Creek Covered Bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is located 8 mi south of Carnesville at Nails Creek.</p><br>
<p>The bridge rests on stone abutments at its ends and a central pier. A steel truss made of 12-inch steel I-beams was added under the north end of the bridge. And later a single wooden pole was installed to support one side of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>Bennett&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge, near Greenup, Kentucky, was built in 1855. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It brings Brown Covered Bridge Road (County Route 2125) over Tygarts Creek, west of Greenup.</p><br>
<p>It was defended by two hidden cannon during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>At 195 ft long, it is the longest single-span covered bridge in Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The Lander–Stewart Mansion and Stites Building are two historic houses in the town of Phillipsburg in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. The Lander–Stewart Mansion, built, is at 102 South Main Street and the adjoining Stites–Lander Townhouse, built, is at 104 South Main Street. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 25, 2008, for their significance in architecture. They were listed as contributing properties of the Phillipsburg Commercial Historic District on October 8, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Around 1835, William Stites and his wife Sarah lived in the three and one-half story brick townhouse at 104 South Main Street, the Stites Building. The Federal style building was later owned by John Lander (1798–1889), founder of the Warren Foundry & Machine Company, one of the town&#39;s largest employers. An octagonal tower was added around 1885 during a renovation, which added Italianate features. The three-story brick townhouse at 102 South Main Street, the Lander–Stewart Mansion, was built around 1880 by Jacob S. Stewart, son-in-law of Lander. It features a brownstone facade and Italianate/Neo-Grec architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Vaughn&#39;s Hall and Blacksmith Shop is a building in Montello, Wisconsin, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The two-story cement block building was built by a blacksmith named John P. Vaughn in 1912. The new cast concrete blocks were manufactured in Montello at Neck and Brothers manufacturing site.</p><br>
<p>The building was used as a blacksmith shop with a community hall upstairs. The second floor grand opening ball on June 28, 1912 featured the Lyric Harp Orchestra.</p><br>
<p>Later, the building was used as a garage, a car dealership, a hardware store, and is now home of the Montello Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, on the eve of demolition, Vaughn Hall was saved by a group of citizens dedicated to preserving Montello&#39;s history and a conscientious community who donated the building to the Montello Historic Preservation Society.</p><br>
<p>The Col. J. Hinckley House is a single-family home located at 210 High Street in Fenton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was built in 1868 by Colonel J. Hinckley. Little else is known about Col. Hinckley, but the house was later occupied by a string of Fentonville&#39;s most prominent businessmen. These included nineteenth century industrialist, A. J. Phillips, dry goods merchant Brent Birdsall, First National Bank of Fentonville founder David Latourette (who endowed the prestigious Fenton Seminary), and, in the 1920s, Aetna Cement Company president Earl Bunce.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Col. J. Hinckley House has an Italianate massing, with two square sections with wide overhanging hip roofs, fitted together in an L-shaped configuration. However, the house lacks the typical Italianate ornamentation; indeed, other than a frieze with dentils located below the roofline, no particular detailing exist on the exterior. The lack of ornamentation highlights the home&#39;s interesting exterior finish in stucco, applied by Bunce to the facades of his brick home.</p><br>
<p>The House at 6112 Carpenter Road is a single-family home located in Flint, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The house was likely built some time between 1840 and 1860. It is an L-shaped Greek Revival structure. The main portion is two stories high and features corner</p><br>
<p>pilasters, a wide entablature, and a cornice with returns. The second section is one story high, and includes a porch with Classically detailed pillars. One notable feature of this house is its reduced dimensions: although maintaining the same proportions, it is smaller overall than similar homes in the area.</p><br>
<p>The James Bishop House, known as the Bishop House, is a historic building on the College Avenue campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Bishop House was erected in 1852 for James Bishop, a prominent businessman and politician from New Brunswick in the latter half of 19th century. Located off of and facing College Avenue, the Bishop House is an example of an Italianate, or "Italian Villa" style mansion, popular from the 1850s to late 1870s in New Brunswick. Due to the building&#39;s significant associations with architecture, education, industry, politics and religion, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bishop House was named in honor of James Bishop. Bishop was a politician at the local, state, and federal levels in the 1850s through the 1890s. After the Panic of 1873, Bishop was forced to file for bankruptcy, leading to the firing of his 18 servants and sale of his mansion to Mahlon C. Martin.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold to Rutgers University in 1925. It was used as the residence for the Dean of Men and his family until 1934. After 1934, the interior was altered to contain classrooms and offices. This remains its current use. The building still contains its original 42 rooms despite alterations made.</p><br>
<p>The House at 10410 Stanley Road is a single-family home located in Flushing, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of this house is unknown. Architecturally, the house itself is one of the most unusual of the nineteenth century residences in Genesee County. It is a two-story brick structure, composed of two rectangular sections with steeply pitched gable-roofs, linked at the sides by their cornicelines. The roof has three gabled dormers. All the gable ends and gable dormers contain elaborate, lacy vergeboards, giving the house a Gothic appearance. The windows in the facade are symmetrically placed, and are topped with segmented brick arches. The brickwork features a decorative brick bond with six stretcher rows placed between single rows of headers.</p><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Judicial Center is the headquarters of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Judiciary of Oklahoma. Situated near the Oklahoma State Capitol, the original structure, designed by the architectural firm Layton, Hicks & Forsyth, was built between 1929-1930 as the home of the Oklahoma Historical Society and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Oklahoma Historical Society Building in 1990. The society moved to the nearby Oklahoma History Center when it opened in 2005. An annex was completed in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Judicial Center comprises the 68,156 ft2 former Oklahoma Historical Society Building, also known as the Wiley Post Historical Building, and a newer 77,362 ft2 adjacent annex located on the Capitol Park grounds of the Oklahoma State Capitol complex giving the center a combined floor space of 145,518 ft2. The Judicial Center occupies a 3.4 acre lot bound between N. Lincoln Blvd. to the west and N. Lindsay Ave. to the east from NE 19th St. to NE 21st St. The Judicial Center annex is immediately adjacent facing N. Lindsay Ave. The Oklahoma State Capitol is located across N. Lincoln Blvd. to the northwest. The center is bounded to the south and east by the Capitol-Lincoln Terrace Historic District located across N. Lindsay Ave. and NE 19th St.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The original Historical Society Building is a three-story structure with a full basement. The exterior features a facade of Indiana limestone with the base and steps composed of Georgia granite designed in Classical Revival style. The building is elevated six feet above Lincoln Blvd. which runs in front of the main entrance. Ten two-story tapered columns with Ionic capitals are aligned along the front facade between two square limestone end columns. The columns uphold an entablature inscribed with Oklahoma Historical Society in the center with three wreathes, symbolic of academic buildings, on each side. Above these along the lower edge of the cornice are dentils combined with egg and dart moulding as part of a frieze that includes lion masks. Atop the entablature lies the antefix featuring floral anthemions, one of the building&#39;s common motifs.</p><br>
<p>A shallow porch with a beamed ceiling lies behind the Ionic columns. A porch rail is composed of short stone balustrades connecting the columns. Opposite the stairs leading to the porch are two centrally placed bronze entrance doors with a decorative iron grille clerestory. Alongside the entrance are vertical stone relief panels supporting an entablature and antefix resembling those on the front facade. Floral medallions alternate with vertebrate leaf bands to decorate the relief panels. From the porch, the granite steps descend in two wide flights separated by a small brick plaza. Three-dimensional volutes are on each side of the lower flight.</p><br>
<p>Bays extend from the north and south ends of the building. The single, steel casement windows on the first and second floors alternate with plain stone pilasters along all elevations. On the front elevation, an intricate medallion design is located above first floor windows while second floor windows are adorned above with a scrolling foliage design. Windows on the side elevations are not decorated. Around the building is a belt course composed of a single row of dentils. On the front facade, each wing holds secondary entrances designed as simpler versions of the main entrance. These entrances are topped with simple entablatures with dentils and have windows on each side with exterior grilles resembling the clerestory over the main entrance. Light fixtures on each side of the secondary entrances complement the grilles and anthemions. The building&#39;s cornerstone is located on the northwest corner. The rear facade of the original building holds multi-pane windows larger than those along the other elevations.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>A dominant interior feature of the Historical Society Building is the asymmetric central marble staircase and an intricate iron balustrade. The interior holds plaster walls decorated with elaborate friezes and parquet floors of marble, oak, and walnut. The halls of each of the unique floors are adorned with plaster pilasters with elaborate capitals and decorative friezes. These long corridors are laid with patterned marble with borders. The marble is added to the walls approximately a foot high as floor molding. The marble stairs have marble wainscotting on all levels. The stairways iron balustrade incorporates a scrolling foliage design and a walnut banister. This foliage design at every level wraps a marble newel post. Despite the buildings Neoclassical style, Art Deco light fixtures are employed at all levels. Seventeen- by seventeen-foot light courts illuminate the halls and service rooms of the upper floors and the former first floor library room.</p><br>
<p>The basement contains beamed, coffered ceilings pronounced with dentils and a repeated vertical anthemion pattern. This level also is accented with intricate friezes, marble floors, and oak doors holding leaded oval glass and leaded clerestories. Located within the basement is a 400-seat auditorium including a stage decorated with swags and a false entablature, walls adorned with classical motifs, and large Art Deco chandeliers.</p><br>
<p>Within the bronze main entrance doors are a second pair of brass-trimmed wooden doors with a stained glass Art Deco clerestory. In between these two door sets is a small entry vestibule laid with Tennessee and Tavernelle marble floors. The vestibule includes a frieze decorated with a scrolling foliage design and dentils. On the first floor between the vestibule and the central stairway is a reception area topped with an arched, vaulted ceiling. The pilastered first floor hallway features a frieze incorporating a wavescroll.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor, the hall has beamed ceilings and pilasters capped with flattened Corinthian capitals. This floor has the most elaborate frieze composed of plaster festoons with a ribbon-wrapped design of leaves and flowers. This hallway is also adorned with egg and dart molding, dentils, and a secondary Art Deco design.</p><br>
<p>The third floor hallway holds a plain beamed ceiling and pilasters with Corinthian capitals similar to those on the second floor. A special feature of the third floor is the wall paintings of eight Native American figures, the works by Kiowa artists Monroe Tsatoke and Spencer Asah, funded in the 1930s by the Civil Works Administration. The artists, members of the Kiowa Six, contributed their art to several state and federal buildings in Oklahoma. The third floor was originally constructed to be utilized as gallery space with the ceilings, holding skylights, curved to meet the walls. A small metal staircase on the south end of the hall climbs upward toward mechanical space.</p><br>
<h3>Surrounding grounds</h3><br>
<p>The front lawn of the building near the main entrance stairway holds a replica of the Liberty Bell, a cannon, and the architectural relic of a previously demolished downtown building. To the north of the original building is the Oklahoma American Legion War Memorial. This memorial features an eternal flame and four separate sculptures honoring veterans of World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Historical Society, previously located since 1917 within the Capitol building, faced increasing competition for space in the Capitol from its own growth and that of other state agencies. Robert L. Williams, a judge and former state governor, promoted a bill in the Oklahoma Legislature to fund a new building for the society. Gov. William J. Holloway approved the legislation on March 1, 1929 resulting in construction commencing before the year ended. Under the new law, $500,000 was allocated for the construction of the building funded from the sale of school lands in the former Cherokee Outlet. Williams became chairman of the Building Committee tasked with selecting architectural and construction firms. After touring several cities around the country, the committee selected the Minnesota Historical Society Building in Saint Paul as a prototype.</p><br>
<p>During the committees fact-finding national tour, the committee was accompanied by architect Solomon Andrew Layton whose firm, Layton, Hicks & Forsyth, served as the buildings architect as well as for several other properties on the National Register including the nearby Capitol building. Holmboe Construction Co. built the structure under the supervision of Edward P. Boyd. Construction was completed in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Decorative lighting was installed around 1960 at the top of the front entrance steps on each side. Exhibit structures formerly on the property during the historical societys tenure included a capped oil well and other petroleum industry artifacts also installed around 1960 and an exhibit shop put in place in 1982. The war memorial site was dedicated on November 11, 1969 with the memorial constructed in 1986. The buildings auditorium underwent restoration in 1982-1983.</p><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Historical Society Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on February 21, 1990. Resources listed within the NRHP registration include the building itself as the sole contributing property while the non-extant exhibit shed and oil well were non-contributing resources. The registrations statement of significance cites the buildings long-time role as a repository of the state&#39;s history and as an important example of the architectural works of Layton, Hicks & Forsyth.</p><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Historical Society relocated to the Oklahoma History Center in 2005. In 2011, following a $35 million program involving the historic rehabilitation of the original building and the construction of the adjacent annex designed by TAP Architecture, the building reopened as the Oklahoma Judicial Center.</p><br>
<p>The House at 1339 Cummings Road is a single-family home located in Davison, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>This house was built some time between 1840 and 1860. It is a vernacular Greek Revival structure with an unusual three-part massing. The house consists of a -story rectangular mass with a one-story salt box addition at the rear and a hip roofed, single-story addition attached to the front facade. The front addition has corner pilasters, a recessed porch supported by turned uprights, and a simple entrance door in the porch. All three sections have a wide frieze and two have cornices with returns.</p><br>
